Question

The fact that some of these people narrated authoritative hadīth and interpreted law contradicts readings of Surah al-Baqarah’s decree for loan contracts which argue that these people are inherently less credible. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this general group of people who could serve as unquestioned expert witnesses in medieval Islamic dynasties despite the common interpretation that their testimony was only half as credible as their counterparts’.
ANSWER: women [accept obvious equivalents]
[10h] Al-Qarāfī and this jurist located bias against women’s witness in the social reality of sexism, not the Qur’an or women’s unreliability. This “heretic of Harran” held that a woman’s testimony is as admissible as her narration.
ANSWER: Ibn Taymīyya [or Taqī al-Dīn Aḥmad al-Numayrī ibn Taymīyya]
[10m] Medieval Sunnis agreed that neither “maleness nor freedom” are needed to be jurists with this title, as were Aisha and Umm Salama. Al-Tabarī held that since women could be jurists with this title, they could be qadis too.
ANSWER: mufti (Neither “maleness nor freedom” is quoted from Ibn Salah’s Abab al-mufti wa-l-mustaftī.)
<HK, Religion (Islam)>

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