Question

Sanskrit answers are accepted until read; English translations are accepted throughout. This state names the fifth and final kosa or “sheath,” surrounding that of vijñāna or “understanding,” as expounded in the namesake middle chapter of the Taittirīya Upanishad. This state is one of Patañjali’s five niyamas along with sauca, tapas, svādhyāya, and Īsvarapranidhāna. (-5[1])The generic lokaksema prayer that ends (-5[1])many Hindu rituals and the Mangala Mantra asks for the entire world, or lokāh samastāh, to have this state. This state (15[1])is paired with (15[1])(*) “existence” and “consciousness,” or sat and cit, as the three fundamental (-5[1])attributes of Brahman. The tāndava is often described by a word referring to this state, which is the second word in the name of a swami who addressed the “sisters and brothers (-5[1])of America” (10[2])at the (-5[1])1893 Parliament (10[1])of World Religions (10[2]-5[1])in Chicago. That (10[1])Sanskrit word for this state is ānanda. For 10 points, (10[1])what emotion, known in Sanskrit as sukha, is the antonym of duhkha? ■END■ (10[4])

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