Question
This is the first of two concepts that are said to be “one unit” and unified into the “myriad things” in a view critiqued in “On the Equality of Things.” A teacher in the Zhuāngzǐ describes the “pipes” of two lowlier concepts before explaining that hearing the pipes of this concept is key to meditation. This concept names China’s earliest intellectual history, which follows the Lièzǐ in a larger work and enumerates ten paradoxes attributed to Huì Shī. The most fundamental standard in Mohist ethics is the “will” of this concept. A kind of (*) dào named for this concept governs the natural world and is contrasted with human dào and great dào. The last chapter of the Zhuāngzǐ is titled for an imagined community named for this concept, which Warring States philosophers called “all under [this place].” For 10 points, Chinese rulers justified their legitimacy by appealing to what place’s “Mandate”? ■END■
ANSWER: heaven [or tiān; accept sky; accept nature until “natural”; accept tiānzhì or the will of heaven or the intention of heaven; accept heavenly dào or tiāndào; accept “All Under Heaven” or tiānxià; accept the Mandate of Heaven or Tiānmìng] (The last of Huì Shī’s ten theses states, “Universally care for the myriad things. Heaven and earth are one unit.”)
<FW, Philosophy (Ancient/Medieval)>
= Average correct buzz position
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